Increasing Exclusion: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Energy Conservation for Bound Fermions are Mutually Exclusive

A review of standard quantum mechanics, including the Pauli Exclusion Principle, as it is applied to atomic species shows that the standard theory is not consistent with energy conservation. Particular focus is given to helium in which it is shown that energy conservation is only possible if the ‘ground state’ has electrons at two distinct energies. If the two electrons in the ground state, per current theory, are at the same energy as the ionization energy, it is demonstrated that according to the standard theory approximately 30 eV are lost during ionization, or alternatively, about 30 eV of energy are created during ionization/electron attachment. The same issue of energy loss during ‘relaxation’ of energy levels following ionization is shown to exist for all atomic species, thus demonstrating that the Pauli Exclusion Principle and energy conservation are not consistent for any atomic species. In contrast, a new model of quantum mechanics, Classical Quantum Mechanics (CQM), invented by R. Mills, is shown, following some modification, to be consistent with energy conservation for bound electron systems. This new model is based on the validity of Maxwell’s Equations and Newton’s Laws at all scales. Detailed, and remarkably simple, computations for determining the ‘ground state’ energy levels in one and two electron systems using CQM are presented. Excellent agreement with data is found.